Ensi yoona - Premier TDI: Ekintu ky'okwombeka ekitarikwetengyesa omu by'obushuubuzi bwa Polyurethane

Ebintu by’omubiri n’eby’emibazi

Okureebeka n'okunuuka: TDI omu muringo gw‘omutaano neeyorekwa nk‘ekintu ekitaine rangi ekirikureebeka gye nari ekiine erangi ya kyenju kakye, ekirikubaasa kukwatwa omuriro munonga. Nikireetaho okunuuka okurikwotsya, okw’amaani, kandi okurikureeta okushoberwa okw’omutaano, okurikukorera nk’akamanyiso kakuru ak’okuhurira ngu kariho.
Okushoborokyerwa n’okugarukamu: Nikibaasa kujwanzya juba n’ebintu bitari bimwe na bimwe ebirikureeta amaizi nk’etanoli (eine okuvunda), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethyl ether, asetoni, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, klorobenzene, amajuta g’omuzeituuni, n’amajuta g’omuzeituuni. Emwe aha mitwarize yaayo ey’eby’obuhangwa n’okukoragana kwayo n’amaizi, okukoragana okurikureetaho omuyaga gwa kaboni dioksidi. Okwongyera ahari ekyo, TDI neebaasa kukwatagana juba n’ebintu ebirimu atomu za haidrojeni ezirikukora, ekintu ekirikukoresibwa omu miringo mingi y’amakorero.
Ebikuru eby'omubiri: TDI eine obutagatsi oburikwingana 247°C, oburikumanyisa obutagatsi obu eri kuhinduka kuruga omu mbeera y’amaizi kuza omu mbeera y’omuyaga ahansi y’omuyaga oguhikire. Ekicweka kyayo ekirikusheenya nikiruga ahari 19.5 kuhika ahari 21.5°C, ekirikworeka obutagatsi obu kirikuguma ahansi. Flash point ya TDI ni 127°C, ekirikumanyisa ngu aha bwire obu, neebaasa kureetaho omuyaga ogurikubaasa kukwatwa omuriro omu kubaho kw’enshonga y’okumurikira. Ahabw’okugira ngu erimu oburemeezi bwa 1.217, neekira amaizi, ekiine ebirugiremu aha kugikwata n’okugitaanisa omu mbeera z’amakorero n’eby’obuhangwa.

Emyanya y'okushaba

Okukora ekicupuri kya polyurethane: TDI niyo nshonga y’okukora ebicupuri bya polyurethane, ebirikukoresibwa munonga omu makorero maingi. Omu kicweka ky’ebintu by’omu nju, ebicupuri bya polyurethane ebigumire ebikozirwe na TDI n’ebintu ebirikutooranwa omu kuhangaho ebitanda ebirungi kandi ebirikushagika omu sofa, entebe z’omu ngaro, n’omu materasi. Omu by’emmotoka, ebicupuri ebi nibikoresibwa omu ntebe z’emotoka, nibireetaho obusingye n’obukuumi ahabw’okunywanisa okuhutaara kwaba nikuvuga. Okwongyera ahari ekyo, TDI - based polyurethane foams nizikoresibwa omu kuzibira obutagatsi, nk’omu firiigi n’ebintu by’okuzibira obutagatsi, ahabw’okugira ngu nizizibira gye obutagatsi.
Ebirikusiiga n’ebirikuhamya: TDI neekora omurimo muhango omu kuhanga ebikwato by‘okujwara n‘ebikwato by‘okuhamya ebirikukora gye munonga. Omu by’okujwara ebijwaro, TDI - based polyurethanes nizikoresibwa kuhanga ebijwaro ebigumire, ebitarikubaasa kushara, kandi ebitarikubaasa kukwatwa emibazi aha bintu bitari bimwe na bimwe, otwariiremu ebyoma, obuveera, n’embaaho. Ebirungo ebi nibikoresibwa omu kuheza emotoka, omu kujwara ahansi, n’omu bikwato by’amakorero. Omu katare k’ebikwato ebirikuhamya, TDI - erimu ebikwato ebirikuhamya nibiheebwa omuhendo ahabw’obushoboorozi bwabyo bw’amaani obw’okuhamya. Nizikoresibwa omu kuteerana ebintu by’omu nju, okuteerana ebicweka by’emotoka, n’omu by’okwombeka okuteerana ebintu bitari bimwe na bimwe eby’okwombeka.
Okukora Elastomer: TDI neekoresibwa kuhanga elastomers za polyurethane, ezirikugaita emitwarize y’ebipiira n’ebiveera. Elastomers ezi nizitunga okukoresibwa omu myanya mingi, nk’omu kukora ebigyere by’enkaito, ahu zirikuha obutafaari burungi bw’okuhindura, okugumaho, n’okuzibira okushoberwa. Kandi nizikoresibwa omu kukora ebikwato by’okukinga n’okukingaho eby’amakorero, ahu okuzibira kwazo emibazi, okusheenya, n’obutagatsi bwingi birikuzireetera kuba nungi z’okukoresibwa omu myanya egumire.

Emiringo y'okutebeekanisa

Emihanda y'obuhangwa ey'okureetaho phosgenation
2,4 - Omuhanda gw'eby'okurya ebirimu ebiriisa: Omuringo ogu nigutandika n’okusheenya 2,4 - amino toluene kandi okagisheenya omu klorobenzene. Omubazi ogu niguheza guhindurwa na phosgene omu nkora y’eitembezo ribiri. Ekyokubanza, okugarukamu kw’obutagatsi bukye nikubaho omu bwire bw’obutagatsi bwa 35 - 45°C. Okurugirira ahari ekyo, okugarukamu kw’obutagatsi bw’ahaiguru nikubaho aha bwire bw’obutagatsi oburi ahansi ya 130°C. Bwanyima y’okukoragana kuhwa, omuyaga gwa nitrogen niguteebwamu kubinga hydrogen chloride yoona etarikukoragana na phosgene erikurenga. Chlorobenzene bwanyima neesheesheka, kandi eitembezo ry’aha muheru niritwariramu okusheesheka omu mwanya ogutarimu kintu kyona kutunga TDI eshemeire.
Omuhanda gwa Nitro Toluene: Omu muringo ogu, nitro toluene neebanza yaahindurwa nitro toluene reero bwanyima ekyendeezibwa kutunga 2,4 - diaminotoluene. Ekintu eki eky’ahagati nikiheza kihindurwa phosgenation, ahu kirikukoragana na phosgene kubaasa kukora TDI. Omutaano gw’okugarukamu niguheza gukorwaho kutaanisa n’okushemeza ekirugire omu TDI.
Emiringo endiijo erikurugamu
Emihanda etari ya Phosgene: Omu myaka ehweire, hakabaho okweyongyera kw‘okuta omutima aha kuhangaho emiringo etari ya phosgene kureetaho TDI omu kuteeraho kukyendeeza aha kabi k‘eby‘obuhangwa akarikureetwaho okukoresa phosgene. Nk‘eky‘okureeberaho, okucondooza okumwe kuriyo nikucondooza aha kukoresa ebindi bikoreso n‘embeera z‘okugarukamu kuhanga TDI hatariho kwetenga phosgene. Kwonka emiringo egi n’obunaku obu eri omu nkora y’okutunguuka kandi tekahikire aha kukozesebwa omu by’obushuubuzi omu bantu baingi.

Okwegyendesereza

Akabi k'amagara: Omuyaga gwa TDI nigureetaho akabi k‘amaani aha magara g‘abantu. Nikiteganisa munonga amaisho, oruhu, n’omubiri gw’okuhuuta. Okumara obwire buraingwa nari okugarukamu kukwatwaho nikibaasa kureetera enshonga z‘amagara z‘amaani, obariiremu oburemeezi bw‘okuhuuta nk‘okuhutaara kw‘omutima, okuhutaara - nk‘obumanyiso, kandi omu mbeera ezimwe, n‘embeera z‘amaani munonga nk‘okuhutaara kw‘omutima n‘endwara z‘omutima z‘omu mahaha. Nk‘eky‘okureeberaho, enfuuzi ezirikuteebwa omu nkora y‘okutunga ebiriisa ebiri omu nkora ya (0.5 - 1)×10−6 kumara eshaaha 6 buri izooba, ebiro 5 - 10, zikworekwa ngu nizigwa omu nkora y‘obutwa. Omu bantu, okuhuuta ebiriisa ebiri ahansi nka 0.0005mg/L nikibaasa kureetera okukorora munonga n‘okubura obwire bw‘okuhuuta.

Akabi k’okukwatwa omuriro n’okuturika: TDI n’amaizi agarikubaasa kukwatwa omuriro, kandi omuyaga gwago nigubaasa kuhangaho okutabura okurikuturika n’omuyaga. Ku orikuba ari omu muriro ogurikwiguka, enku, nari omuriro mwingi, hariho akabi k’amaani k’okwotsya n’okuturika. Nahabwekyo, emiringo mirungi y‘okubiika n‘okukwata gye ni kikuru munonga kubaasa kuzibira akabi nk‘ako.
Okubiika n‘okugikwata: TDI eshemerire kubiikwa omu nju erimu obufuki, erimu omuyaga murungi kandi eri hare n‘omushana gw‘eizooba, ahu obutagatsi burikureeta, n‘ebirikuruga omu muriro. Ebikwato by’okubiikamu ebintu biine kukingwa gye kugira ngu omuyaga gutasheesheka. Ahabw’okugira ngu neebaasa kukwatagana n’amaizi n’ebindi bintu, eshemerire kubiikwa etari emwe n’emwe aha bintu ebirikubaasa kukwatagana nayo, nk’ebintu ebirikureetaho okwitsya. Omu bwire bw‘okukwaata, eby‘okwerinda ebihikire, obariiremu giraavu ezitarikubaasa kukwatwa emibazi, ebirahuri by‘okwerinda, n‘okwerinda okuhuuta, biine kujwarwa kukyendeeza akabi k‘okukwatwaho.

Ebirikushobororwaho

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