Bisphenol A (BPA): Omwombeki mukuru w’ebintu ebirikukora gye munonga

Okushwijuma omu bwijwire eby‘omugasho by‘omubiri n‘eby‘obuhangwa .

Enkora y'omutaano eya molekyu: Omuringo gwa BPA gurimu ebicweka bibiri bya phenolic hydroxyl ebiine akakwate n’omubiri gwa propane. Omubumbi ogu nigugiha emirimo y’omutaano ey’eby’obuhangwa. Ebibiina bibiri bya phenolic hydroxyl nibiha BPA obushoboorozi bw’amaani bw’okukoragana n’ebintu bitari bimwe na bimwe. Omu bwire nibwo bumwe, omubiri gwa propane niguha molekyu omutindo gw’okuguma n’okuremesa kw’okutambura, ekirikuhindura okutoorana n’okukora kwa BPA omu nkora z’eby’obuhangwa zitari zimwe na zimwe.

Ebintu by'omubiri: BPA eine obutagatsi bwa 158 - 159°C, obutagatsi bw’okufuka buri ahaiguru ya 400.8°C, n’oburemeezi bwayo burikwingana 1.195g/cm3. Enshonga zaayo z‘okusheenya n‘okufuka nizihamya okuhama kwayo ahansi y‘obutagatsi n‘okugyemeserezibwa okwa buriijo, obwo oburemeezi bwayo obuhikire burikukora kihango omu mbeera z‘okukoresa ezirikwetenga oburemeezi bw‘ebintu ebimwe, nk‘omu kutebeekanisa obuveera obumwe n‘ebirungo, ahu obuhango bw‘emitwarize ya BPA burikubaasa kukwata aha mitwarize y‘omubiri n‘okukora ekintu ky‘aha muheru. Nikishohora kakye omu carbon tetrachloride, tikirikushohora munonga omu maizi, kwonka nikishohora omu bihingwa ebitari bimwe na bimwe ebirikushohora, kandi omutwarize ogu gw’okushohozibwa nigwo gurikumanyisa emirimo yaakyo ey’okugarukamu n’emiringo y’okukikozesa omu nkora z’ebihingwa ezitari zimwe na zimwe.

Ebikuru ebirikukoresibwa omu myanya mingi

Okukora obuveera hamwe na Resin:
Okukora Polycarbonate (PC): BPA n’ekintu kikuru ekirikukoresibwa omu kuhanga ebiriisa (PC). Polycarbonate neeyemerera omu miringo mingi ahabw’okugira ngu neebaasa kureeba gye (okurabira omu mushana okurikukira ahari 90%), okuzibira okuhutaara kwingi (emirundi 250 - 300 ey’endabirwamu eya buriijo), okuguma kurungi omu bipimo, n’okuzibira obutagatsi (obutagatsi bw’okuhindura obutagatsi kuhika ahari 130 - 140°C). Omu by’amashanyarazi n’eby’amashanyarazi, PC neekoresibwa munonga omu kukora ebikwato bya kompyuta, esimu, n’ebindi bintu by’amashanyarazi, ebitarikuha oburinzi oburikwesigwa aha bicweka by’omunda ebihikire kwonka n’okutunguura okuhakanisa kw’ebintu omu katare ahabw’okureebeka kwabyo okurungi n’okuhandiika kurungi. Omu by’emmotoka, PC neekoresibwa kukora ebikingirizo by’amatara g’emotoka, ebipande by’ebikwato, n’ebindi. Omushana gw‘ahaiguru ogurikuraba omu bikingirizo by‘amatara g‘omu maisho niguhamya omushana gw‘okuvuga nyekiro, obwo okuhama kw‘ebicweka by‘ebikwato kurikuhamya okuteerana okuhikire n‘okukoresa obwire buraingwa okwesigwa kw‘ebicweka. Omu murimo gw’okwombeka, PC - ebikozirwe omushana gw’eizooba, ebipande by’okumurikisa, n’ebindi nibikoresibwa munonga omu byombeko bya boona nk’amaduuka makuru n’ebishaayi ahabw’okugira ngu nibibaasa kuzibira gye okuhutaara n’okujanjaaza omushana, ekirikureetaho emyanya y’omunda erimu omushana kandi erimu oburinzi.

Okuteerana kwa Epoxy Resin: BPA nayo n’ekintu kikuru omu kutebeekanisa ebirungo bya epoxy. Epoxy resins ziine okuhamira gye kandi nizibaasa kuhamira gye ebintu bitari bimwe na bimwe nk’ebyoma, embaaho, n’endabirwamu, n’ahabw’ekyo nizitwara omwanya mukuru omu kuhamira. Omu by’enyonyi, ebikwato ebirikuhamya ebirikwegamira aha epoxy nibikoresibwa kukwatira hamwe ebicweka by’omubiri gw’enyonyi kureeba ngu eby’omubiri gw’enyonyi byaguma bihikire kandi biine oburinzi omu mbeera z’enyonyi ezigumire. Omu bwire nibwo bumwe, epoxy resins ziine obutwa burungi bw’okuzibira okusheeshasheesha kw’eby’obuhangwa n’okuzibira okusheeshasheesha kandi nizikoresibwa munonga omu kuteeka ebintu omu bipapura by’ebyoma n’okubiteekaho. Nk’eky’okureeberaho, ebipande by’amashanyarazi ebiri omu bikwato by’ebyoma nibikira kukingirwa n’ebintu ebirikwetwa epoxy resins kurinda ebicweka by’ebyoma obutakwatwa eby’obuhangwa eby’aheeru n’okutunguura okuhama n’amagara g’ebyoma by’ebyoma. Omu rubaju rw’okujwara, ebijwaro bya epoxy resin nibikoresibwa omu kurinda ebyoma aha mutwe, ebirikubaasa kuzibira gye okusheeshasheesha kw’ebintu by’emibazi nka asidi na alkali kandi bikamara obwire buraingwa omu by’okukoresa eby’ekyoma.

Ebindi Emibazi Mirungi Erikukoresibwa:
Okuteerana kw’ebintu ebirikuzibira omuriro: Ebintu ebirikuzibira omuriro nka tetrabromobisphenol A nibibaasa kukorwa kuruga omu BPA. Okwongyeraho ebirungo ebirikuzibira omuriro n’eky’omugasho munonga omu makorero nk’ebintu by’obuveera n’eby’emyenda. Omu bintu by’obuveera, ebirikuzibira omuriro nibibaasa kukyendeeza gye okukwatwa omuriro kw’ebintu. Ku kirikuteebwa omu nshonga y’omuriro, omuyaga oguvundiire ogutarikukwatwa omuriro nari ekicweka kya kaboni ekihangirwe ekirikuruga omu bihingwa ebirikuzibira omuriro nikibaasa kuzibira okutwarwa kw’omwika n’okwotsya kandi kizibire okujanjaara kw’okwotsya. Nk’eky’okureeberaho, okwongyera ebintu ebirikuzibira omuriro omu bipande by’ebiveera eby’ebyoma n’eby’amashanyarazi nikibaasa kukyendeeza munonga akabi k’omuriro kandi kirinde amagara g’abantu n’ebintu byabo. Omu by’emyenda, okutaho ebizibu by’okuzibira omuriro nikibaasa kureetera emyenda kutakwatwa omuriro gwaba nigutunga obukomooko bw’omuriro kandi kikyendeeze akabi akarikureetwaho okwotsya emyenda omu muriro.

Ebirikurwanisa obukooko n’okuhamya obutagatsi: BPA neebaasa kukoresibwa nk’ekirikurwanisa obukooko n’okugumaho obutagatsi omu bintu ebimwe eby’obuveera n’eby’emipiira. Omu bwire bw‘okukora obuveera, ebintu nk‘obutagatsi bwingi n‘omwika gw‘omwika nibyanguhi kureetera obuveera kukura n‘okusheenya, ekirikuteganisa okukora kw‘ebintu n‘amagara g‘obuheereza. Nk’ekintu ekirikurwanisa obukooko oburikureeta endwara, BPA neebaasa kukwata obukooko obutarikukora gye omu nkora y’obuveera, eremeze okutwarwa kw’enjegyere kw’ebintu ebirikukora nk’obuveera, n’okukyendeeza aha nkora y’okukura kw’obuveera. Omu bwire nibwo bumwe, nk’ekintu ekirikuhamya obutagatsi, BPA neebaasa kutunguura okuguma kw’obuveera omu myanya erimu obutagatsi bwingi kandi ereete obuveera obutavunda, okuhindura erangi, n’ebindi bizibu omu bwire bw’okukora nari okubukoresa. Omu bintu by‘emipiira, BPA nayo neebaasa kukora omurimo nigwo gumwe, okutunguura obutagatsi n‘okukura kw‘omwika gw‘emipiira n‘okutunguura obwire bw‘obuheereza bw‘ebintu by‘emipiira nk‘emipiira y‘emotoka n‘ebikwato by‘okukinga ebipiira.

Enkaayana z‘obukuumi n‘okugarukamu kw‘amakorero

Okucondooza aha kabi k‘amagara: BPA eine obutwa bukye kandi neebaasa kufuruka n’okuhinduka omu by’obuhangwa n’omu mubiri gw’omuntu. Okucondooza kwingi kworekire ngu BPA eine ebirugiremu nk'ebiriisa bya estrogen kandi neebaasa kuteganisa enkora y'omubiri gw'omuntu. Na munonga aha baana abato, enkurakurana y‘enkora yaabo y‘okuzaara neebaasa kukwatwaho, ekirikureetaho endwara eziine akakwate n‘enkora y‘okuzaara. Omu bwire nibwo bumwe, BPA neebaasa n‘okureetaho okuremwa kunywa insuliini, ekirikureetaho oburemeezi bw‘amagara nka shukaari nyingi omu shagama n‘okugira omubiri muhango. Okucondooza okumwe aha nyamaishwa kworekire ngu enyamaishwa ezirikugyezibwaho ezirikunywa BPA kumara obwire buraingwa ziine okukura kw’ebicweka by’okuzaara ebitari bya buriijo n’empindahinduka omu mitwarize. N‘obu okucondooza aha nkora ya BPA aha magara g‘abantu kuraabe nikugyenda omu maisho, amahanga maingi gakataho enkora z‘okuzibira okukoresa BPA omu bintu ebimwe ahabw‘okwerarikirira aha kabi k‘amagara.

Enteekateeka z’amakorero n’okutunguura okukuratira ebiragiro: Ahabw’okugira ngu hariho obutaikirizana aha by’okwerinda kwa BPA, amahanga maingi n’ebicweka omu nsi yoona bikakuratana bikataho ebiragiro ebiine akakwate n’okuzibira okugikozesa. Omu mwaka gwa 2011, minisiture y’eby’amagara omuri China n’ebindi bitongore mukaaga bakataho ekiragiro ky’okuzibira okukoresa BPA omu kukora, okureeta omu ihanga, n’okuguza obucupa bw’amate g’abaana. Amahanga n’ebicweka nka America, Canada, n’omukago gwa Buraaya nabyo bikuratana bikazibira okukoresa BPA omu kuteeka eby’okurya, ebintu by’abaana abato, n’ebindi. Ahabw’okureeba ebyetaago ebi eby’okutegyeka, eby’obushuubuzi nibisherura n’amaani emiringo endiijo ey’okukoresa omu mwanya gwa BPA, nka bisphenol S (BPS) na diphenyl sulfone. Omu bwire nibwo bumwe, amakorero g‘okukora ebintu nigagumizamu nigatunguura emiringo y‘okukora ebintu n‘okuhamya okurinda omutindo kukyendeeza aha mubaro gw‘okufuruka kwa BPA n‘okuhikiiriza emitindo y‘okutegyeka erikweyongyera kuba egumire n‘ebyetengo by‘abaguzi eby‘obukuumi bw‘ebintu aha musingi gw‘okureeba ngu ebintu byakora gye. Omu nkora y’okukora polycarbonate na epoxy resins, amakorero nigatunguura omubaro gw’okuhindura BPA kandi nigakyendeeza BPA esigaireho etarikukora omu bintu barikutunguura embeera z’okukora n’okutunguura enkora z’okuhindura.

Ebirikushobororwaho

Orupapura rw'okurinda omutindo

Ahabw’enki Nitutoorana BPA Yaitu?

Twehaireyo kuha ebintu bya BPA eby’omutindo gw’ahaiguru kandi ebigumire. Buri nkoragana kuruga aha kugura ebintu ebitari bimwe na bimwe kuhika aha kugikora n’okugikora neekuratira enkora z’okurinda omutindo ezigumire kureeba ngu ebintu biine obushemeire bw’ahaiguru, obukooko bukye, kandi eby’okureeberaho byona nibihikiiriza omutindo gw’ahaiguru gw’amakorero. Twine ekibiina ky’abakugu ekya R & D ekirikubaasa kuha eby’okugarukamu ebitebeekanisiibwe kurugiirira aha byetengo bya kasitoma ebitarikushushana kuhwera kasitoma kutunga obuhanguzi n’entunguuka omu mirimo nk’obuveera, obuveera, n’emibazi mirungi. Omu bwire nibwo bumwe, twine obushoboorozi burungi bw‘okureeberera eby‘okurya kureeba ngu eby‘okurya byaheebwa omu bwire kandi omu muringo oguhamire kuhikiiriza ebyetengo bya bakasitoma eby‘okukora ebintu bingi. Omu nkora y‘eby‘obushuubuzi ey‘okuhakana aha bukuumi bwa BPA, nituta omutima munonga aha nkora y‘okutegyeka, nituguma nitutaho sente omu by‘obugaiga bya R & D, kandi nitutunguura okutunguura eby‘obuhangwa n‘obukuumi bw‘emiringo y‘okukora ebintu kuha abaguzi ebintu ebirikukuratira ebiragiro kandi ebirikwesigwa.

Toorana BPA yaitu, mukwataniise omu ngaro kukora okutunguuka okutarikuhwaho omu by‘okukoresa eby‘ahaiguru, kureebana n‘ebizibu, n‘okuhangaho omuhendo muhango.