Ensi yoona - Propylene Glycol ey'okubanza: Ekirungo ky'ebintu bingi

Ebintu by’omubiri n’eby’emibazi

Okureebeka n'okunuuka: Propylene glycol neereebeka nk’amaizi agataine rangi, agarikureebeka gye kandi agarimu amaizi. Nikigira obuhooho bukye kandi haihi n‘okubura okunuuka, ekirikugihindura nungi omu kukozesa ahu enkora y‘okuhurira etaine rubaju erikwetengyesa.

Okushoborokyerwa: Nikyoreka okubaasa kujwanzya gye, nikibaasa kujwanzya kimwe amaizi, ethanol, ether, asetoni, klorofoomu, n’ebindi bingi ebiine amagara. Omugasho ogu nigugibaasisa kukora nk’ekintu ekirikuhwera omu kusheenya n’okusheenya omu miringo etari emwe n’emwe.

Ebikuru eby'omubiri: Ahabw’oburemeezi bwa molar bwa 76.09 g/mol, propylene glycol eine oburemeezi bwa 1.036 g/cm3 ahari 25°C, obuhango bukye kukira amaizi. Ekicweka kyayo eky’okusheenya ni - 59°C, ekirikugibaasisa kuguma omu mbeera y’amaizi omu bwire bw’obutagatsi bwingi. Enshonga y’okufuka neeyemerera ahari 188.2°C ahansi y’omuhimbo gw’omutindo, ekirikworeka okuguma kwayo aha bwire bw’obwire obuhikire obw’eby’obuhangwa. Enshonga y‘okumurikira eri ahaiguru munonga, eri haihi 99°C (ekingire - ekikopo), ekirikukyendeeza akabi k‘okukwatwa omuriro omu butanwa.

Okugarukamu kw'eby'emibazi: Nk‘ekirungo kya diol, propylene glycol neebaasa kwejumba omu nkora z‘eby‘obuhangwa zitari zimwe na zimwe ezirikushushana n‘ez‘ebicweka by‘omwengye. Nikibaasa kukora esters kyaba nikikwatagana na carboxylic acids, ekikuru omu kuhanga ebintu bingi eby’amakorero n’eby’okukoresa. Okwongyera ahari ekyo, nikibaasa kutunga enkora y’okubura amaizi omu mbeera ezimwe, ekirikureetaho okuhangwa kw’ebiriisa ebiri omunda y’ebicweka by’omubiri nari ebiri omunda y’ebicweka by’omubiri.

Emyanya y'okushaba

Eby'okurya n'eby'okunywa: Propylene glycol neekora emirimo mingi omu kicweka eki. Nikikora nk’ekintu ekirikureeta obutagatsi, nikihwera omu kuguma n’obutagatsi omu by’okurya nk’ebintu ebikozirwe omu nkoko, ebihimba, n’ebintu by’amate, obwo nikiyongyera aha bwire bwabyo bw’okugumaho n’okurinda obubonero. Nk’ekintu ekirikusheenya, nikikoresibwa kusheenya ebirungo, erangi, n’ebintu ebirikubiika, kuhamya ngu eby’okurya n’eby’okunywa byagabwa omu muringo gumwe. Nk’eky’okureeberaho, nikikira kushangwa omu birungo by’amaizi eby’okunywa ebirimu ebiriisa kandi nk’ekintu ekirikutwara amajuta g’omugasho omu by’okurya. Kandi nikiikirizibwa nk’ekintu ekirikugaita eby’okurya (E1520) omu mukago gwa Buraaya, kandi omu bwijwire nikimanyirwa nk’ekiine oburinzi (GRAS) kuruga omu kitongore ky’eby’okurya n’emibazi ekya America (FDA) kyakoresibwa omu nkora ezitebeekanisiibwe.

Amakorero g'emibazi: Omu by’emibazi, propylene glycol neekora omurimo muhango. Nikikozesibwa munonga nk’ekirungo ky’emibazi etarikusheesheka omu maizi, ekirikuhwera omu kugikora kuba emibazi y’okunywa, ey’okuteebwa omu nkari, n’ey’okugiteeka aha mutwe. Nk‘eky‘okureeberaho, omu mibazi mingi y‘omu kanwa ey‘amaizi, propylene glycol neehwera omu kusheeshasheesha ebirungo by‘emibazi ebirikukora, kuhamya ngu yaaheebwa omubaro oguhikire. Omu miringo y‘okukoresa aha mutwe nk‘ebiziibu n‘ebiziibu, neekora nk‘ekintu ekirikureeta amaizi n‘okutaaha omu mubiri, ekirikuhwera omu kunywa emibazi y‘oruhu. Kandi erimu n’ebintu ebimwe ebirikurwanisa obukooko n’ebizimba, ekirikuhwera omu kurinda ebintu by’emibazi.

Ebijwaro by’okweboneza n’okureeberera omuntu: Propylene glycol n’ekirungo ekikuru omu miringo mingi y’ebintu by’okweboneza n’eby’okweboneza. Omu bikoreso by’okureeberera oruhu nk’ebirikureeta amaizi, ebirungo by’okusheeshasheesha, n’ebirikusheeshasheesha, nikikora nk’ekintu ekirikureeta amaizi, kikurura amaizi kuruga omu mwanya kikagukwatanisa n’oruhu, obwo oruhu ruguma rurimu amaizi. Ebintu byayo eby’okusheenya nibigibaasisa kusheenya ebirungo ebitari bimwe na bimwe ebirikukora n’ebirungo, kuhamya ngu byagabwa gye omu bintu. Kandi neekoresibwa omu bintu by’okureeberera eishokye nka shampoo n’ebirungo by’eishokye kuboneza oku ririkushusha n’okuhwera omu kuhitsya ebirungo by’omugasho aha rubaju rw’eishokye. Omu kushemeza emisumaari, propylene glycol neekora nk’ekintu ekirikureetera okushemeza emisumaari kusheenyagurika n’okusheenyagurika juba.

Okukozesa omu makorero: Propylene glycol n’ekintu kikuru omu kukora ebintu bitari bimwe na bimwe eby’amakorero. Nikyo kintu kikuru omu kuhanga ebirungo bya polyester ebitarikujwara, ebirikukoresibwa munonga omu kukora ebiveera ebiine fiberglass - ebigumire. Obuveera obu nibutunga okukoresibwa omu makorero nk’eby’emotoka, eby’okwombeka, n’eby’omu nyanja, ahabw’amaani gaabyo maingi - n’oburemeezi bwago n’okuzibira okusheenya. Omu by’emmotoka, ebirungo by’okuzibira obufuki n’okukyendeeza obutagatsi ebirikwegamira ahari propylene glycol nibikoresibwa kuhindura obutagatsi bw’emotoka, okuzibira obutagatsi bwingi n’okufuka. Kandi neekora nk’ekirungo ky’okushohoza n’okutwara omu bikwato ebirikujwara, erangi, n’ebintu ebirikuhamya, ekirikwongyera aha kukora kwabyo n’oku birikukoresibwa.

Emiringo y'okutebeekanisa

Okuhindura amaizi ga epokisi: Ogu n’omwe aha miringo y’amakorero erikukira kukozesebwa. Omu muringo ogu, epokisi propane (propylene oxide) neekwatagana n’amaizi omu kubaho kw’ekintu ekirikureetaho okusheeshasheesha. Okugarukamu nikubaasa kubaho omu mbeera zitari zimwe na zimwe. Omu muringo gw‘okuha amaizi - okugateeka amaizi, obutagatsi bw‘ahaiguru (okwetoroora 150 - 200°C) n‘okugyemeserezibwa (0.98 - 2.94 MPa) nibikoresibwa, n‘omubaro gw‘amaizi - na - epokisi propane molar ratio omu muringo gw‘omutaano oguri haihi 20. by - ebirugiremu nabyo nibirugaho. Enkora endiijo n’okukoresa asidi - okuhindura amaizi, ahu asidi nkye (nka sulfuric acid) erikuteebwamu. Okugarukamu oku nikukorwa aha bwire bw’obutagatsi oburi ahansi (50 - 70°C), kandi ekirugiremu nikyetengyesa kuhindurwa n’okushemezibwa kurabira omu miringo nk’okushemezibwa omu mwanya gw’omuyaga kutunga propylene glycol ey’obushemeire bw’ahaiguru.

Glycerol erikureetaho okuhinduka kw’amaizi: Glycerol neebaasa kukoresibwa nk’ekintu ekikuru omu kuhangaho propylene glycol. Omu muringo ogu, glycerol neebanza yatunga purotoni y’ebicweka byayo ebya hydroxyl, bwanyima y’okubura amaizi omunda y’ebicweka by’omubiri kubaasa kuhanga ebintu by’omugati nka enols na keto - aldehyde tautomers. Ebintu ebi eby’ahagati nibiheza bihindurwa amaizi omu kubaho kw’ekintu ekirikureetaho (nk’ekintu ekirikureetaho copper - ekirikureetaho amaizi), aha muheru kirugamu 1,2 - propylene glycol. Omuringo ogu gwine oburungi bw’okukozesa ebiriisa ebirikugarukaho (glycerol), ebirikubaasa kutunga kuruga omu bintu nk’okukora amajuta g’ebihangwa.

Emiringo y'eby'obuhangwa: Obukoko obumwe, nk’ebika bimwe bya bacteria n’ekitumbisa, nibibaasa kuhindurwa kubaasa kureetaho propylene glycol kurabira omu miringo y’okugifumbira. Nk’eky’okureeberaho, omu kuhindura omu nkora y’obuzaarwa bwa Escherichia coli nari Klebsiella pneumoniae, nibibaasa kukorwa kuhindura shukaari (nka shukaari) nari glycerol kuba propylene glycol. Enkora egi ey’eby’amagara neekora gye aha by’obuhangwa waagyeragyeranisa n’emiringo y’eby’obuhangwa ey’eby’obuhangwa, ahabw’okuba neekora omu mbeera ezitari nkuru kandi neebaasa kukoresa enshonga z’okugarukaho eza kaboni. Kwonka, okukora n‘okushohoza - esente z‘emiringo egi n‘ebicweka by‘okucondooza n‘okutunguuka okuriho.

Okwegyendesereza

Ebirikuteekateekwaho ahaby'amagara: N‘obu propylene glycol omu bwijwire eraabe neetwarwa nk‘erimu oburinzi bw‘okukoresa omu by‘okurya, emibazi, n‘ebintu by‘okujwara omu nkora eziikiriziibwe, okugikozesa aha rurengo rwahaiguru nari okuginywa nikibaasa kugira ebizibu aha magara. Okunywa munonga nikibaasa kureetera obumanyiso nk‘okuhurira okushaasha omunda, okusheeshasheesha, n‘okusheeshasheesha. Omu mbeera z‘amaani, nikibaasa kureetera metabolic acidosis, embeera ei omubiri gurikwerundanira asidi nyingi. Okukwata aha ruhu n‘ekiriisa kya propylene glycol ekirimu ebiriisa bingi nikibaasa kureetera abantu abamwe kugira ekiniga, namunonga abo abaine oruhu orurikuhurira gye. Okumara obwire buraingwa nari okugarukagaruka omu ruhu kushemerire kwetantarwa. Ku kirikukoresibwa omu myanya y‘amakorero, okutaho omuyaga murungi nikyetengyesa kutangira okuhuuta omuyaga gwa propylene glycol, ahabw‘okuba okuhuuta kw‘omutindo gw‘ahaiguru nikubaasa kureetera obusaasi omu kuhuuta.

Akabi k'omuriro n'okuturika: Propylene glycol neebaasa kukwatwa omuriro, n’obu eraabe eine omuriro gw’amaani. Omuyaga gwayo nigubaasa kuhangaho ebirungo by’okuturika n’omuyaga omu mbeera ezimwe. Emyanya y‘okubiikamu n‘okukwatiraho eshemerire kuguma hare n‘ebirimi ebirikwiragura, enku, n‘ebindi ebirikureeta omuriro. Ebikwato by‘okubiikamu ebitarikubaasa kukwatwa omuriro n‘ebintu ebihikire eby‘okuzibira omuriro biine kuba biri omu myanya ahu propylene glycol erikubiikwa nari erikukoresibwa.
Okukwatwaho kw‘eby‘obuhangwa: N‘obu propylene glycol eraabe neebaasa kusheenyuka, okushohoza omu bwingi omu by‘obuhangwa, namunonga omu maizi, nikubaasa kuguma kugira eki kwakora. Omu nkora z’amaizi, nikibaasa kurya oxygen nk’oku kirikuvunda, ekirikubaasa kukwata aha magara g’omu maizi. Nahabwekyo, okutwaza gye kasasiro n‘okugizibira biine kubaho okuzibira okushohoza kwa propylene glycol omu by‘obuhangwa okutarikwetegyerezibwa.

Ebirikushobororwaho

Orupapura rw'okurinda omutindo