Ensi yoona - Premier Adipic Acid: Ekintu kikuru eky'okwombeka eby'okurya by'amaani n'eby'emibazi

Ebintu by’omubiri n’eby’emibazi

Okureebeka n'oku birikukora: Adipic Acid neekira kweyoreka nk’ecupa erikwera, eri nk’ekicupuri nari obucupa bukye obutaine rangi. Nikigira omubiri ogurikushemeza kandi tikiine kunuuka omu mbeera eza butoosha, ekirikugihindura nungi omu mirimo etari emwe n‘emwe ahu enkora y‘okuhurira etaine rubaju erikwetengyesa.
Okushohoza: Nikyoreka okushohoza kw’omutindo gw’ahaiguru omu maizi, n’okushohoza enkumi 1.44 g omu 100 mL z’amaizi ahari 25°C. Kwonka neebaasa kusheesheka munonga omu bihingwa ebirikwetwa ethanol, asetoni, na benzeni. Emicwe egi ey’okushohoza ebiriisa neegibaasisa kwejumba gye omu miringo mingi y’eby’obuhangwa n’okukora.

Ebikuru eby'omubiri: Asidi ya Adipiki eine oburemeezi bwa molar bwa 146.14 g/mol. Oburemeezi bwayo buri haihi 1.36 g/cm3 ahari 25°C, ekirikukira amaizi kakye. Ekicweka ky’okusheenya kwa adipic acid ni 152°C, ekirikworeka okuhinduka kwayo kuruga omu mbeera egumire kuza omu mbeera y’amaizi ahansi y’obutagatsi bw’ahaiguru. Enshonga y’okufuka neebaho ahari 337.5°C, n’obu eraabe neebaasa kutandika kuvunda etakahikire aha bwire obu ahansi y’omuyaga. Flash point yaayo eri 207°C, ekirikumanyisa ngu neeyenda obutagatsi bw’ahaiguru munonga n’enshonga z’okutaho omuriro kubaasa kureetaho akabi k’okukwatwa omuriro.

Okugarukamu kw'eby'emibazi: Nk’asidi ya dicarboxylic, asidi ya adipic eine ebicweka bibiri by’emirimo ya carboxyl (-COOH), ebirikugiha obushoboorozi bw’okukora gye omu by’emibazi. Nikyejumba omu nkora ya esterification n’eby’okunywa, kikakora ester ezirikukoresibwa munonga omu kukora obuveera, ebirungo by’okusiiga, n’ebirungo by’okunuura. Okwongyera ahari ekyo, nikibaasa kukwatagana na diamines kurabira omu kuhindura ebiriisa bya polyamides, okukira munonga nylon 6,6. Ekikorwa eki eky’okukora polymerization n’eibaare ry’omusingi ry’amakorero g’ebiveera by’obuhangwa n’eby’obuhangwa. Adipic acid nayo neebaasa kuraba omu nkora z‘okukyendeeza kubaasa kuhanga amaarwa agarikuhikaana kandi neebaasa kuhinduka na bases kuhanga eminyoro, erikumanywa nka adipates.

Emyanya y'okushaba

Okukora poliyamidi (nayiloni): Okukozesa kwa adipic acid okurikukirayo kandi okurikukirayo obukuru kuri omu kukora polyamides, namunonga nylon 6,6. Omu nkora egi, asidi ya adipic neekwatagana na hexamethylenediamine omu nkora y’okuteerana kw’ebintu ebirikukora nk’ebiriisa. Ekirugiremu nylon 6,6 n’ekiveera ky’amaani eky’eby’obuhangwa ekimanyirwe ahabw’amaani gaakyo, okugumaho, okuzibira okusheenya, n’okukora gye omu by’obuhangwa. Nylon 6,6 neekoresibwa munonga omu by’emmotoka ahabw’ebicweka nk’ebicweka bya ingini, giya, na bearings. Kandi n’ekintu kikuru omu by’emyenda, ahu kirikukoresibwa kukora emyenda y’omutindo gw’ahaiguru ey’okujwara, kapeti, n’ebintu by’okujwara ahabw’amaani gaakyo, okugumisiriza, n’okubaasa kukwaata gye erangi.

Ebirungo by’okusiiga n’okusiiga amajuta: Adipic acid neekoresibwa kuhanga ebirungo ebirikwegamira aha adipate. Ebintu ebi ebirikukora obuveera nibiteebwa omu bihingwa ebirikwetwa polymers, namunonga polyvinyl chloride (PVC), kubaasa kutunguura oku birikubaasa kuhindurwa, kubaasa kukora gye, n’okugumaho. Adipate plasticizers nizikunda omu mirimo ahu okuhindurahindura kw’obwire bukye kurikwetengyesa, nk’omu kukora eby’okuzibira waya z’emotoka, ebipimo by’obujanjabi, n’ebintu bya PVC ebitarikufuka. Okwongyera ahari ekyo, esters ezirikuruga omu adipic acid nizikoresibwa nk’ebirungo by’okusiiga omu mirimo y’amakorero etari emwe n’emwe, niziha obushoboorozi burungi bw’okurwanisa okujwara n’okuteerana, kandi nizikora gye omu motoka, omu giya, n’ebindi bikoreso by’ebyoma.

Amakorero g’eby’okurya n’eby’okunywa (Okukozesa okutarikuhikaana): N‘obu adipic acid eraabe etarikukoresibwa butunu omu by‘okurya, neekoresibwa omu kukora eby‘okurya - eby‘okukoragana n‘eby‘okurya - eby‘okukora. Esters zaayo, ku zirikukoresibwa omu kujwara n’okukingaho eby’okurya - eby’okupakira, nizihwera kureeba oburingaaniza n’obukuumi bw’ebintu by’okurya barikuzibira okushiisha n’okurinda oburungi bw’ebintu. Okwongyera ahari ekyo, adipic acid - based polymers nizibaasa kukoresibwa omu kukora ebicweka by’ebikwato ebirikukwatagana n’eby’okurya omu bwire bw’okukora, nk’emisipi y’okutwara n’ebikwato by’okukinga.

Amakorero g'emibazi n'eby'okujwara: Omu by’emibazi, adipic acid neebaasa kukoresibwa nk’ekintu ekirikuhwera omu kuhanga emibazi. Nikibaasa kukora nk‘ekintu ekirikuzibira okutegyeka pH y‘ebirungo by‘emibazi n‘ebirungo by‘emibazi, kuhamya okuhama n‘oburungi bw‘emibazi. Omu by’okujwara, adipic acid esters nizikoresibwa omu bintu bitari bimwe na bimwe, nk’ebiziibu, ebiziibu, n’ebiziibu by’okujwara aha minwa, kutunguura okujwara, kwongyera aha kujanjaara, n’okuha ebiriisa by’okushemeza, ekirikureetera oruhu kuhurira ruri rworobi kandi ruri rurungi.

Emiringo y'okutebeekanisa

Okuhindura ebiriisa bya Cyclohexane: Ogu nigwo muringo ogurikukirayo omu by’amakorero ogw’okukora adipic acid. Enkora neetandika n’okuhindura ebiriisa bya cyclohexane omu kubaho kw’ekintu ekirikureetaho okuhinduka, okukira munonga ekirikureetaho okuhinduka kw’omubiri ekirikukoresibwa cobalt. Omu nkora y'okubanza - ey'okuhindura ebiriisa, cyclohexane neekwatagana n'omuyaga nari oxygen kuhanga omutaano gwa cyclohexanol na cyclohexanone, omuringo ogurikumanyirwa nka "amajuta ga KA" (ketone - amajuta g'omwonyo) omuringo. Okugarukamu oku nikukorwa aha bwire bw’obutagatsi oburikwingana 150 - 160°C n’omuhimbo gwa 1 - 1.5 MPa. Okurugirira ahari ekyo, amajuta ga KA nigagaruka gahindurwa omu nkora ya kabiri - omu nkora barikukoresa nitric acid nk’ekintu ekirikuhindura omuyaga, obwire obwingi aha bwire bw’obutagatsi bwa 60 - 80°C n’omuyaga gw’omuyaga. Eki kya kabiri - eky‘okuhindura ebiriisa nikihindura cyclohexanol na cyclohexanone kuba adipic acid. Kwonka omuringo ogu gwine oburemeezi obumwe aha by’obuhangwa, ahabw’okuba okukoresa nitric acid nikureetaho nitrous oxide (N2O), omuyaga gw’amaani ogurikureetaho okukyendeeza aha bwire bw’obutiti, kandi nigwetengyesa okureeberera gye emigyera y’ebishaju.

Enkora za tekinologiya: Omu myaka ehweire, hakabaho okweyongyera kw’okwenda omu miringo ya biotechnology ey’okukora adipic acid nk’omuringo ogundi ogurikubaasa kugumaho. Obukooko obukye, nka bacteria nari yeast ezihindwirwemu omu nkora y’obuzaarwa, nizibaasa kukoresibwa kuhindura eby’okurya ebirikugarukaho, nka shukaari nari amajuta g’ebimera, kuba adipic acid kurabira omu miringo y’okuhindura eby’okurya. Nk’eky’okureeberaho, obukooko obumwe nibubaasa kuhindurwa bukore ebintu ebiri ahagati y’ebintu ebirikubaasa kwongyera kuhindurwa adipic acid. N‘obu emiringo egi ey‘eby‘amagara eraabe eri omu nkora y‘okutunguuka kandi erikutunga oburemeezi oburikukwata aha kureetaho n‘okushohoza esente, neeha obushoboorozi bw‘okukora adipic acid erikukiraho n‘okurinda eby‘obuhangwa kandi erikugumizamu omu biro by‘omumaisho.

Okwegyendesereza

Akabi k'amagara: Adipic acid neebaasa kureetera oruhu n‘amaisho kuhutaara waakwatagana butunu. Okumara obwire buraingwa nari okugarukamu kureeba oruhu nikibaasa kureetera okukwatwa oruhu, kandi kyakwata aha maisho, nikibaasa kureetera okutukura, obusaasi, n‘okubaasa kushiisha amaisho. Okuhuuta obucweka bw‘omucuucu oburimu adipic acid nikibaasa kureetaho okushaasha omu nkora y‘okuhuuta, kireete okukorora, okuhuuta, n‘okubura obwire bw‘okuhuuta. Okunywa adipic acid nyingi nikibaasa kureetera omuntu obusaasi omu nda, otwariiremu okuhurira okushaasha omunda, okusheeshasheesha, n‘okusheeshasheesha. Abakozi abarikukora aha adipic acid bashemerire kujwara eby‘okwerinda ebihikire, nka giraavu, ebirahuri by‘okwerinda, n‘ebijwaro by‘okukingira okuhuuta, namunonga omu myanya ahu enfuuzi zirikubaasika.

Akabi k'omuriro n'okuturika: N’obu adipic acid eraabe eine ebiriisa bingi munonga, neebaasa kukwatwa omuriro. Omu muringo gw’esaano, neebaasa kukora ebirungo ebirikuturika n’omuyaga yaaba ejanjaire omu bwingi oburikumara. Emyanya y’okubiikamu ebintu eshemerire kuguma hare n’ahu erikubaasa kureeta omuriro, kandi okutaho omuyaga murungi ni kikuru munonga okuzibira enfuuzi kwerundaana. Omu mbeera y‘omuriro ogurimu adipic acid, ebizibu by‘omuriro ebihikire, nk‘esaano y‘emibazi eyomire nari carbon dioxide, biine kukoresibwa.

Ebirikukwata aha by'obuhangwa: Adipic acid neegumaho omu muringo gw‘omutindo gw‘ahaiguru omu by‘obuhangwa. Ku kirikurekurwa omu maizi, nikibaasa kushiisha obukooko obukye bwanyima y’obwire, kwonka kyaba kiri ahaiguru munonga nikibaasa kuguma kiine eki kirikukora aha magara g’omu maizi. Kandi nikibaasa n’okukwata aha pH y’enkora z’amaizi ahabw’obuhangwa bwayo obw’asidi. Nahabwekyo, okukoresa gye kasasiro n‘okugizibira ni kikuru munonga okuzibira okurekura kwa adipic acid omu by‘obuhangwa okutarikwetegyerezibwa. Amakorero agarikukora nari agarikukoresa adipic acid nigashabwa kukuratira ebiragiro ebigumire eby’obuhangwa kukyendeeza aha kabi akarikukwata aha itaka, amaizi, n’omutindo gw’omuyaga.

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